A Fifth Circuit opinion and concurrence filed on November 5, 2026 criticize current Second Amendment and Commerce Clause doctrine as applied to federal gun laws, discussing issues that include machine-gun restrictions and the felon-in-possession ban. As a judicial perspective item, it offers a notable window into how some judges are questioning the constitutional foundations of major federal firearms regulations. The filing is especially relevant to ongoing debates over the scope of federal gun power after recent court battles over firearms restrictions.