In an October 14, 2026 opinion, the Ninth Circuit reversed a district court’s denial of a preliminary injunction and blocked California from enforcing part of the No Vigilantes Act against federal officers. The decision is principally a constitutional federalism ruling about state limits on federal operations, though it sits within a broader policy environment that includes firearms enforcement. As a court opinion, it is most relevant for readers following how constitutional structure disputes intersect with public-safety regulation.